First I found a description in a german forum how to enable the logging for extensions to view the logs. The following error was found: "cert issuer is not built-in".
By searching for this error message I found a thread where the same error was described. You only have to remove the certificates of GlobalSign Partners CA, GlobalSign Root CA, GlobaSign Primary Class 1 CA, GlobaSign Primary Class 2 CA & GlobaSign Primary Class 3 CA.
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I had to remove more certificates which were marked as "Software Security Device" as well but in the end I could update my addons again.